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COLOSSEO, is the name with which is designated,
since the high Middle Ages, the Anfiteatro Flavio, begun
from Vespasiano in 72 and finished from the son Tito of the Flavia
family in the 80.
Along the gigantic perimeter of 527 m., on elliptic
plant with the axis of 188 and 156 m., it raises until to 57 m.,
the solemn external architecture in travertine, to three
overlapping plans of arched, on pillars to which the semicolumns of
Doric , ionic and corinzio order are leaned.
A fourth order of lesene corinzie crown the top,
similar to an attic with small windows. In correspondence of this
fourth order a crown of large console served of support for beams
in order to sustain the velar and protect the spectators from the
sun's ray.
It was place of fights between gladiators, hunting of
ferocious beasts and between ships.
The fights between gladiators lasted until the 404 and
were suppressed from Onorio.
Those between the wild animals lasted until the half of
the sixth century.
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The Vittoriano, monument to Vittorio
Emanuele II, it faces the Venice public square, where ends the
way of the Imperials Forums.
Symbol of the caught up national unit, was begun in
1885 and inaugurated in 1911.
The limestone dazzling white of Botticino (Brescia) is
not harmonized with the warm colour of the travertine dominant in
Rome.
The monument of classic inspiration, grow away from the heat of the
most ancient constructions and surrounding ruins.
The fundamental architectonic topic is constituted
fromthe wide staircase that go up to the shelf of the native land
altar, constituted from one architectonic composition, with in the
middle the statue of ROME. The main stairs move apart on two
staircase that converge to the shoulders of the altar, towards the
statue of the king, reopening again in order to go up towards a
width esplanade, the exedra, dominated by a portico.
To the feet of the statue, from 1921 is the TOMBA
DEL MILITE IGNOTO, with the remains of a Warrior, dead in war
1915-18, where constantly are present sentinels of honour.
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Forum of Caesar is one of the multiple
constituent groups of the Roman Forum. Vary water course cross the
places and they made one swampy valley. One of these course, since
the earlier times, was channelled and, used also to dry out the
valley, it begun the Maximum Cloak. Very soon in these places, the
inhabitants of surrounding hills, Quirinale, Viminale, Palatino,
Capitolino, Esquilino, the heights of the Velia were used to come
for the market and it was said forum, perhaps from
foras, because outside from the lived one.
Fused the necks in a single city, defended from the
rock of the Capitolium, become the centre of Rome, around to which,
the buildings destined to private and publics transactions rose. To
the times of Caesar a flat regulator transformed it in monumental
centre of the city. The entire zone after the period of the
forfeiture, the degradation, the decline, the abandonment
emphasised in the Mediaeval period and of the Rinascimento begun
pasture for the cattle and taken the name of Campo
Vaccino.
With COLA of Rienzo begins the interest for the
memories of the antiquity, that they gradually took impulse towards
an activity of constructive search and rediscovering ancient
constructions that proceed actively.
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The Portico of Ottavia, used as public walk, was
one of those places builded near the Forum, destined instead mainly
to public functions and private.
It was commissioned by Quinto Cecilio Metello,
nicknamed the Macedonico in the 146 b.C. It was repaired from
August, that dedicated it to his sister Ottavia, from Settimio
Severo and Caracalla. It delimited the side North of the Flaminio
Circus.
It was a porch with a double line of columns with
rectangular plant in the middle of which were the temples of
Jupiter, of Junon, the library of Ottavia and statues of
bronze.
The remainders are of the period of Settimio Severo.
They regard the propileo of the entry, opened on one of short sides
and was formed from columns corinzie on two rows: they remain two
columns of front row and three of the posterior row with part of
the trabeazione that they supported and the terminal arc of the
Porch of right.
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In the area of the Forum, theCarcere Mamertino.
Under the church of S. Giuseppe of the Carpenters, the XVI sec., is
the Nail head of the Crocifisso. More low is the Mamertino Jail:
two overlapping area build up those that in the last centuries were
the jails of state and the destined place to the capitals
executions.
The area used as true jail (the Mamertino name is of
mediaeval origin) is dated of the second half of the II sec.
a.C.
The inferior area, judged little posterior to the age
of the Gallic invasion(387 a.C.) it was an ancient water tank that
red-adapt, constituted the Tullianum, and was re-united to the
jail. Here perished famous personages like Giugurta and
Vercingetorige.
After the sec. XVI the building was called S. Peter in
jail. A middle age legend tells that Saint Peter, here imprisoned,
with the made water to gush out miraculously from a source,
christened the jailers, Processo and Martiniano, martyred.
From here Saint Peter was lead on the Vatican hill,
Saint Paul to Acque Salvie.
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The Abbey to the three fountains it rises on the
place, where according to the tradition Saint Paul suffered the
martyrdom of the decapitation; according to the legend the three
Fontanels rose on the place where the head bounced three times.
Soon three churches were raised. The Salvie Waters, were
very soon abandoned because of the malaria.
The land was cleared from the trappists that begun
owners in 1868 and dipped the basilicas in a forest of
eucalyptus.
The bigger of the three churches is that of SS Vincenzo
and Anastasio.
Te second one, Saint Maria Scala Coeli.
The third one, Saint Paul to the three Fontanels risen
in V the century on the place of the martyrdom. In the inside three
newspaper stands with the legendary miraculous Fontanels and three
witness of the Saint recall the three bounces made to the action of
the decapitation. In the pavement, a beautifulst mosaic Roman
polychrome coming from Ostia with the personages of the four
Seasons.
The picture you look here represents a particular of
the door.
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Saint Paul outside the walls named too
Ostiense Basilica. Here Costantino transformed the Cella
Memoriae of the Apostle of People in Basilica.
In the middle of the QUADRIPORTICO in front of the
facade, is the statue of Saint Paul. To its shoulders the Pronao of
the facade with ten columns, each one in an only one block of
granit rose of Baveno, high ten meters.
The upper part, frames, in the golden mosaics, that
they reflect the dazzling sunlight to the midday, the figure of the
Christ benedictory, between Saint Peter and Paul;
TheAgnus DEI on the hill, from which gush out the four
rivers to quench the thirst of the Christian flock.
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The Catacombe of Domitilla or of the Ss.
Nereo and Achilleo. is perhaps the bigger of Rome. The Etruscan
custom of burring the defunct in the underground enters in the
Roman custom. Such tendency was encouraged because of the minor
cost of the land, against that one of superficial one, as space to
use for the sepulchre. Domestic sepulchre of some Christian
personages, takes their name from Domitilla, pertaining to the
family of the Flavi, that is to the family of emperors Vespasiano
and Domiziano. To their inside, over the tomb of the Ss Nereo and
Achilleo the martyrs, than the legend wants servants of Domitilla,
but that Damaso remembers like Roman soldiers, was erected the
basilica who took the martyrs name.
Complitly covered, was discovered in 1874 and from the ruins
brought to light it was deduced that perhaps had landslide to
earthquake of the 897. It was restored in its original three navate
structure, separated whit four columns and preceded by a nartece.
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